下面是范文网小编分享的谈谈论述型议论文的写作13篇(阐述型议论文)，供大家阅读。
谈谈论述型议论文的写作1
托福独立写作论述用典型句式一览 优质句型不可不会
1.It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.
必须指出学习只能K自己。
2.A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a person's education is a most important aspect of his life.
许多人存在这样的误解，认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然，他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。
3.As for me, I'm in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons：
就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因：
4.It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.
人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。
5.Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.
即使最优秀的毕业生，要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。
6.It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.
人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化，近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。
7.Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。
8.An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.
一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。
9.For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.
对大多数人来讲，退休以后，阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。
10.For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.
对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。
托福写作之满分作文的三大核心
ETS 8月发布了托福考生成绩报告，中国托福考生平均分78分，6年来几乎没啥变化，其中写作20分。讲真，这个分数比较符合语言学习规律，没有大量的输入就不会有更好的输出。从小到大，我们英语作文没少写，可托福写作还是容易遇到瓶颈，18—20—20—19，和国足的战绩一样稳定，归根结底6个字：“没有掌握方法”。
满分作文的三大核心是结构、内容和语言
首先我们先从结构、内容和语言三个方面揭秘托福作文独立任务得满分的真相。
以下题为例： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Life today is easier and more comfortable than it was when your grandparents were children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinions.
一、结构
按题材划分，独立任务属于议论文，而论点、理由、论据、结论和论证是议论文的五个要素。具体来说，“论点”是文章的核心，“理由”是论点成立的依据，两者构成因果关系;“论据”是对理由的具体解释，多为事例;“结论”是对观点的重申，两者一脉相承、头尾呼应;而整个写作过程就是一个“论证”的过程。
要想作文得高分，这五要素就必须面面俱到，如此才能写出结构严谨、条理清晰的高分作文
先上一篇范文(下拉可见全文)：
As society progresses remarkably, tremendous changes have taken place in people’s life. Nevertheless, some senior citizens cherish the memory of good old days with healthy environment and harmonious interpersonal relationships. As far as I’m concerned, despite serious environmental pollution and prevalence of materialism, 【背景介绍，作者给出了两个时代的对比】 I still believe today’s life to be easier and more comfortable than it was when our grandparents were children. 【提出论点】 I am going to elaborate my viewpoint from three aspects as follows. 【过渡句，承上启下】
To begin with, modern communication technology has changed our lives a lot and provides us with much convenience. 【理由 1】To be more specific, with the wide application of smartphones and the Internet, it is possible for people to contact each other even if they live separately. 【论证为什么理由 1 可以推出观点】 For example, Lily, one of my best friends, is lucky to be admitted into a famous university in America, which means we cannot always hang out together. But thanks to the modern communication technology, we still keep frequent touch with each other on Skype anytime, anywhere. Therefore we feel never apart.
【例子 1】
Besides, a variety of means of transportation make it quick and cozy for people to travel. 【理由 2】 Subways, taxis, private cars, high-speed railways shorten the distance between places. 【论证为什么理由 2 可以推出观点】A good example in point is that my grandparents used to live in suburbs, and anytime they want to do some shopping in urban center, it usually took them 2 hours, owing to bumpy roads and low-efficient old-fashioned vehicles. On the contrary, with great improvement of road condition and advanced traffic modes, they only have to spend 20 minutes a most traveling from home to the city. If it is very hot in summer, all modern vehicles are air-conditioned, which can make the trip very comfortable.
【例子 2】
Last but not least, today’s ample food supply and various food choices are something beyond imagination in the past. 【理由 3】 Decades ago, in China, all foods used to be arranged by the government. In other words, it was impossible for people to purchase what they liked to eat. 【论证为什么理由 3 可以推出观点】 For example, an average family was only allocated 1 pound of pork and 2 pounds of rice. In contrast, nowadays, we never have to worry about the lack of food because supermarkets and snack bars abound.
【例子 3】
To sum up, because of the progress of economy and technology, I am convinced that life at present is more comfortable and easier, which can be well demonstrated through examples of convenient communication, quick and cozy traffic modes and sufficient food supply and choices. 【总结理由，重申观点】 If our government takes efficient measures to solve the environmental problem, our world will become a better place to live.
【提出建议，展望未来】
议论文除了五要素，在给出论点之前多会有简单的背景介绍，不需要长，三两句话即可，为论点的提出造势。
二、内容
这篇范文通过通讯、交通和饮食三个方面，共同论证现在的孩子相较其祖父辈生活的更轻松、舒适，每个理由下面都有具体的事例作为细节支撑，让论证更有说服力。
以饮食为例，作者举例说，以前食品由政府分配，数量有限制，人们不能随心所欲买到需要的食品;而现在则大不一样，在超市里人们可以买到任何所需物品。这种新旧对比，更鲜明的表现出现代社会物资丰富、人们的选择权增加，由此可推断人们的生活变得更便捷、舒适，从而证明论点。
三、语言
一篇高分作文在语言上，首先要保证语法正确，用词恰当，这样才能准确达意。在此基础上可以追求更多样、高级的表达。例如，文章开头要表现“社会发展迅速，人们的生活发生了天翻地覆的变化”这一含义，最常见的表达为：
Sample 1: Our society develops quickly, and people’s life has changed greatly.
Sample 2: With the rapid development of society, enormous change has happened in people’s life.
Sample 3: As society progresses remarkably, tremendous changes have taken place in people’s life.
通过三个句子对比可知，其中“迅速”的三种表达方式，quickly 最为平淡，rapid 居中，remarkable 最佳。同样的，要表达“翻天覆地”的含义，tremendous 就要比 great 或者 enormous 好的多，其他替换的词还有 considerable，drastic，significant 等等。
语言的优化需要不断的积累和练习，多记多练，不断扩充自己的语料库，唯有如此，文章才会写的越来越漂亮，但是咱们很多考生平时不练笔，不积累语料，想单纯依赖“复杂单词，黄金句型”就拿高分——基本没戏。
托福写作之高价值词汇整理
残忍的，野蛮的--ferocious bloodthirsty brutal cruel fierce vicious wild
Atrocious
邪恶的，有害的，致命的—sinister, a sinister smile. diabolic corrupt forbidding可怕的, 令人难亲近的 pernicious
virulent
秘密的，偷偷的--cryptic含有隐义的; 晦涩难懂的; 神秘的 furtive, furtive movements偷偷摸摸的, 鬼鬼祟祟的, 秘密的 covert隐蔽的; 不公开的; 秘密的: covered hidden hideaway shelter , sneak
veileds避难所--asylum haven home institution refuge shelter harbor
节约的--frugal
浪费的，挥霍的—prodigal(They are prodigal in their expenditures) extravagant lavish spendthrift wasteful squander
浪费时间，逗弄，嬉戏--dally dawdle delay lag linger loiter
祝福，感谢--benediction bless bliss blessing
欺骗，诈骗—deceive
hoodwink
逃避工作—v.malinger 装病(以逃避工作或责任)goldbrick逃避勤务的士兵 relinquish 放弃
揭密，泄漏--uncover disclose expose open reveal unmask
掠夺，抢劫--loot predate rob pillage plunder sack spoil despoil burglarize
Angle
诽谤，中伤--aspersion slander derogate calumniate libel discredit denigrate
赞扬--extol compliment glorify laud praise commend acclaim eulogize eucomium
颂词，表扬--laud eulogy ode hymn
反对，不赞成--demur deprecate dissent dissident
否认，拒绝，驳斥-- contradict dispute refute renounce naysay reject
repudiate gainsay
哀悼，后悔，哀叹--deplore bemoan regret lament dirge bewail repent
驱逐，出境--deport banish expel expatriate evict exile oust exclude
ostracism
居住--dwell abide reside inhabit occupy
夸张，吹牛--vaunt exaggerate bombast overstate full-blown overdo magnify
Amplify
夸张的--stilted lofty
活泼的--vivacious active animated brisk dynamic energetic exuberant gay
Lively
恶作剧的，顽皮的--prankish naughty impish elfish devilish mischievous puckish
笨拙的，麻烦的--cumbersome bulky burdensome clumsy troublesome unmanageable
Bothersome gauche antic awkward ham-handed
暴乱，骚动--agitation bother commotion fret stir riot squall
大风暴--tempest violence storm
大混乱，大灾难--havoc calamity catastrophe misfortune disaster mishap tragedy
巨大的，惊人的--prodigious colossal enormous extraordinary gigantic huge
immense mammoth vast tremendous
例外的，奇特的，罕见的--exceptional remarkable stupendous
奇妙的，不可思议的--miraculous wonderful marvelous
大胆的，莽撞的--audacious bold brave daring gallant heroic valiant prowess
多产的，丰富的，繁茂的--prolific fecund fertile fruitful productive
munificent prosperous affluent flourish opulent well-off plentiful abundant
贫瘠的，不孕的，不毛之地--barren sterile
贫困的，贫乏的，没钱的--indigent penurious penury impecunious improvished
needy down-and -out penniless wretched destitute bankrupt
手铐，束缚--shackle handcuff manacle chain bind fetter
神秘的--mysterious esoteric occult
取消，撤销，废除--resciss repeal nullify abolish quash withdraw abrogate
Abolish annul cancel invalidate recall rescind revoke nullify retract
overrule
使衰弱，使衰老--enfeeble enervate debilitate weaken vitiate
虚弱的，衰老的--feckless flaccid flagging languid effete
耻辱，污名--tarnish stain slur disgrace brand blemish stigma discredit
humiliation
持久的--everlasting perpetual permanent endurable abiding eternal
短暂的 --momentary temporary transient ephemeral evanescent provisional
谨慎的，警觉的--wary chary vigilant discreet considerate cautious prudent
careful circumspect
责备，指责，咒骂--accuse blame censure charge denounce impugn impeach indict
Execrate condemn criticize reproach reprove disapprove upbraid vituperate
reprove injure reprehend rebuke inveigh diatribe abuse lambaste obloquy
invective
免责，确定无罪--exempt exonerate exculpate invulnerable absolve
妨碍，阻挠--filibuster encumber impede hamper hinder stymie curb obstruct
restrain retard hamper thwart foil clog check occlude
挑剔的--meticulous nitpick finicky finical exacting censoring fussy
fastidious choosy critical particular selective pernickety prissy
punctilious prudish
苛责，吹毛求疵的--carp cavil pick criticize quibble
镇压--quell appease extinguish hush lull mollify pacify quiet smother
Stifle subdue suppress squelsh foil slake quench
刺激--rouse arouse awaken excite foment anger inflame kindle move pique
provoke disquiet incense whet stimulate stir instigate galvanize vex rile
roil annoy aggravate disturb irritate
放纵--indulge coddle pamper pander-to mollycoddle humor cater dote-on
Sybarite voluptuary wanton spoil
笨蛋，傻瓜--dolt numskull dunce blockhead lout idiocy idiot cretin half-wit
fool dullard imbecile moron simpleton prat oaf slouch dull-head
愚蠢--idiocy stupidity absurdity madness lunacy folly
愚蠢的--crass doltish oafish imbecilic moronic fatuous vacuous
伪造，掺假--adulterate forge counterfeit falsify bogus
真正的，纯种的--genuine authentic
真实的，坦诚的，诚实的--candid candor frank fair genuine open pure
Trustworthy trustful veracious virtuous
新手，生手--apprentice neophyte novice typo greenhorn freshman uninitiated
verdant
预言，预知，预告--presage predict forecast foresee foretell portend portent
prophesy anticipate omen divine soothsay augur forebode presentiment
犹豫，停滞--balk boggle scruple demur falter flounder pause vacillate waver
hesitate
消除，除去--efface erase obliterate raze eliminate exterminate
闲扯，瞎说--drivel prate babble chat chatter gossip blab prattle babble
gabble jabber
温顺的，驯服的--tame obedient meek gentle docile tame bonhomie
效忠，尊敬--homage adoration deference esteem honor respect reverence
veneration
忠诚--fidelity allegiance attachment devotion faith fealty loyalty
精确，准确--accuracy exactness exactitude precision
简洁的--concise terse curt brief succinct compendious condensed compressed
Laconic
大纲，摘要--précis compendium compendia abstract summary synopsis
扼要，说明--recapitulate summarize outline
民意测验，民意调查--gall-up pollster
使成僵局，僵局--stalemate deadlock
粗略的，大概的,粗糙的--schematic cursory coarse crude rough vulgar churlish
husky
吸引人的--intriguing alluring appealing attractive bewitching captivate
charming enchanting enticing fascinating interesting inviting tantalizing
Tempting thrilling winning ingratiating
优势，主权，权势--clout ascendance ascendancy authority preponderance
majority
荒谬的，愚蠢的，可笑的--preposterous absurd silly ridiculous senseless
nonsensical
合理的--logical national reasonable sound
一致的，相等的，同样的--congruent tantamount commensurate
和睦，一致--concord harmony agreement rapport conformity
分配，给予，分发--allocate allot apportion assign distribute divide
相称的，合适的，应得的--condign becoming fitting proper suitable appropriate
微不足道的--trivial frivolous measly paltry superficial trifling worthless
以上就是托福写作中很大可能会遇到的词汇，大家要记牢这些词汇，尤其是自己常用的但是不精确的词更要记住，在托福写作中，词汇短语的出彩，会让整片作文更有趣味性更精彩生动，分数自然会高，那么为了作文的满分计划，多记些单词短语吧，日常生活中也可用到。
谈谈论述型议论文的写作2
作者：王颖
来源：《财经界?学术版》第07期
摘要：在当前会计行业发展的过程中，逐渐衍生出了管理会计，而在管理会计工作之中所涉及到的相关措施实际上也在会计工作中得到了广泛的应用。但就目前各方面的实际情况来看，管理会计工作实际上依然在某些方面受到了制约影响，无法得到更长远的发展。本篇文章主要针对核算型会计向管理型的会计转化进行了全面详细的探讨，以期为会计转化工作的发展作出贡献。
谈谈论述型议论文的写作3
议论文：谈谈读书
书是读不尽的，就读尽也是无用，许多书都没有一读的价值。多读一本没有价值的书，便丧失可读一本有价值的书的时间和精力；所以须慎加选择。你自己自然不会选择，须就教于批评家和专门学者。我不能告诉你必读的书，我能告诉你不必读的书。我所指的不必读的书，是谈书的书，是值不得读第二遍的书，走进一个图书馆，你尽管看见千卷万卷的纸本子，其中真正能够称为书的恐怕还难上十卷百卷。你应该读的只是这十卷百卷的书。在这些书中间你不但可以得到较真确的知识，而且可以于无形中吸收大学者治学的精神和方法。这些书才能撼动你的心灵，激动你的思考。其它像《文学大纲》、《科学大纲》以及杂志报章上的书评，实在都不能供你受用。你与其读千卷万卷的诗集，不如读一部《国风》或《古诗十九首》，你与其读千卷万卷谈希腊哲学的书籍，不如读一部柏拉图的《理想国》。
你也许要问我像我们中学生究竟应该读些什么书呢？这个问题可是不易回答。你大约还记得北京《京报副刊》曾征求青年必读十种，结果有些人所举的十种尽是几何代数，有些人所举的十种尽是《史记》、《汉书》。我特地去调查了几个英国公共图书馆。他们的青年读品部最流行的书可以分为四类：（1）冒险小说和游记，（2）神话和寓言，（3）生物故事，（4）名人传记和爱国小说。其中代表的书籍是幽尔？？（凡尔纳）的《八十日环游世界记》和《海底二万里》，德孚（笛福）的《鲁滨逊飘流记》，大仲马的《三剑侠》，霍爽（霍桑）的《奇书》和《丹谷闲话》，金斯莱的《希腊英雄传》，法布尔的《鸟兽故事》，安徒生的《童话》，骚德的《纳尔逊传》，房龙的《人类故事》之类。这些书在外国虽然流行，给中国青年读，却不甚相宜。中国学生们大半是少年老成，在中学时代就欢喜煞有介事的谈一点学理。他们――包括你和我自然都在内――不仅欢喜谈谈文学，还要研究社会问题，甚至于哲学问题。这既是一种自然倾向，也就不能漠视，我个人的见解也不妨提起和你商量商量。十五六岁以后的'教育宜重发达理解，十五六岁以前的教育宜重发达想象。所以初中的学生们宜多读想象的文字，高中的学生才应该读含有学理的文字。
谈到这里，我还没有答复应读何种书的问题。老实说，我没有能力答复，我自己便没曾读过几本青年必读书，老早就读些壮年必读书。比方中国书里，我最欢喜《国风》、《庄子》、《楚辞》、《史记》、《古诗源》、《文选》中的《书笺》、《世说新语》、《陶渊明集》、《李太白集》、《花间集》、《张惠言词选》、《红楼梦》等等。在外国书里，我最欢喜溪兹（济慈）、雪莱、考老芮基（柯尔律治）、白朗宁诸人的诗集，苏菲克里司（索福克勒斯）的七悲剧，莎士比亚的《哈孟列德（哈姆雷特）》、《李尔王》和《奥塞罗》，歌德的《浮士德》，易卜生的戏剧集，屠格涅夫的《新田地（处女地）》和《父与子》，妥斯套夫斯克（陀斯妥耶夫斯基）的《罪与罚》，福洛伯（福楼拜）的《布华里（包法利）夫人》，莫泊桑的小说集，小泉八云关于日本的著作等等。如果我应北京《京报副刊》的征求，也许都把这古董洋货捧上，凑成青年必读书十种。但是我知道这是荒谬绝伦。所以我现在不敢答复你应读何书的问题。你应该请教你所知的专门学者，请他们各就自己所学范围以内指定三两种青年可读的书。你如果请一个人替你面面俱到的设想，比方他是学文学的人，他也许明知青年必读书应含有社会问题科学常识等等，而自己又没甚把握，姑且就他所知的一两种拉来凑数，你就像问道于盲了。同时，你要知道读书好比探险，也不能全靠别人指导，自己也须费些工夫去搜求。我从来没有听见有人按照别人替他定的青年必读书十种，或世界名著百种读下去，便成就一个学者。别人只能介绍，抉择还要靠你自己。
读书方法，我不能多说，只有两点须在此约略提起：第一，凡值得读的书至少须读两遍。第一遍须快读，着眼在醒豁全篇大旨与特色。第二遍须慢读，须以批评态度衡量书的内容。第二，读过一本书，须笔记纲要精彩和你自己的意见。记笔记不特可以帮助你记忆，而且可以逼得你仔细。各人天资习惯不同，你用哪种方法收效较大，我用哪种方法收效较大，不是一概而论的。你自己终久会找出你自己的方法，别人决不能给你一个方法，使你可以依法炮制。
谈谈论述型议论文的写作4
1.This view is now being questioned by more and more people.
这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。
2.Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information I've collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.
尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡， 然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。
3.Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.
环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。
4.In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.
考虑到这些严重的状况，我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。
5.Using bicycle contributes greatly to people's physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.
使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。
6.Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.
尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。
7.Bicycle can't be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.
在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。
8.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.
通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。
9.There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.
当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。
10.This issue has caused wide public concern.
这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。
托福写作范文：小组学习
谈谈论述型议论文的写作5
谈谈人生议论文精选
世人总说，人生是个我们总捉摸不透的东西。是了，人生啊，到底是个我们人都搞不懂的东西吧。很多时候的我们，人生活的也都是百般滋味，有些人的人生活得很精彩，我们难免嫉妒羡慕，有些人的生活活得很凄惨的时候，我们往往轻视不屑。可如果，我们自己就是那个被人轻视不屑的人呢，又作何感受？
怕是心里苦的很吧。有时候吧，人生看透点，真的能过的好很多。现在的我们就真的好像是活在别人的`眼神下，活在别人的阴影之下的啊，别人一个不屑的轻视的，又或者是一个不支持的眼神，甚至都可能让我们失去所有继续自己的想法自己的理想的心的吧，我们从不否认，人本就是一个很容易受到别人干扰和影响的人。可有时候，如果真的我们就是一直活在别人眼神下的人，这种人和个傀儡有什么区别呢？无非的区别就是，我们有自己的思想，却还是不得不像牵丝戏一样，为了别人而活。何必呢？我其实一直都想不通那些被舆论逼死的明星们，虽然我也知道舆论有时候真的可以让一个人生，却也能让一个人死。什么叫舆论？是了，那就是假的讨论， 人呢，有时候不可能做到什么人都喜欢你，那么我们只能让自己做到问心无愧了不是吗？那就是我们能做的极限了啊，多少人违背自己的良心却在这个世界上活得很好，又有多少人十分的善良最后却又露宿街头……
人生就是如此，向来都是不公平的。有些人把，有着很好的家世，你一辈子努力都达不到的家世，也有些人有着天生就聪明的不行的大脑，那是硬伤基因永远是改变不了的，总之，这个世界上有不公平的事情，可大多还是公平的。可有些时候，有些人能为了一块面包争得头破血流，斤斤计较，可有些人也能对一个亿的合作不屑一顾。
让我记得印象最最深的就是马云的一句话了，我今年的小目标就是先赚一个亿，他的口气是那么的轻蔑，或许别人说的话，我们会觉得他狂妄不可一世甚至是愚蠢，可马云这个中国常常首富的人来说，我们只能一笑而过了。是的，因为他真的有那个能力去做到啊，让我们连反驳起来都像拳头打在了棉花上面不是吗？这个界上吧，很多时候真的会有人领先你的起跑线很长一段距离，同样的教室中吧，你能为一道题目想上半天，自以为很深奥，可别人学霸，画一道辅助线，两分钟的时间就搞定了，你却想上了一刻钟还是苦苦沉思。
有时候，我想是不是人生就是这样的呢？有时候，我们不努力，一点生机就都没了，我们还要拿出精力去面对世界上那么多的不公平，可如果我们努力了，或许还有一线生机，还有机会去争取到，我们那所谓的苦苦渴求的公平吧……
谈谈论述型议论文的写作6
people have different styles of studying. Some prefer the solitude of studying alone, while others thrive on the social interaction that comes from studying in a group. Certain subjects, as well, lend themselves more easily to one style versus the other. In many ways, the choice between individual and group study comes down to whether one enjoys the presence of others while studying, or finds that the more people involved in the conversation the greater the distraction. All in all, I prefer group study for two primary reasons.
first, group study allows for a social element that makes studying fun rather than arduous. If I sit alone, my mind often becomes distracted, and I easily lose focus. When I am working with a group, however, the social dynamics keeps constantly engaged in the studying process. For example, while I was studying at Oxford, I was working with a cohort of six other international students on a group project. Had I had to work on this project individually, it would have been boring, and I would not have put much effort into it. However, given the fact that each person in our cohort was from a different culture and country, working together was an exploration of different worldviews and philosophies of study, which made it an enjoyable exercise. I walked away from the project knowing more about my classmates’ lives, families and methods of working, as well as my own.
A second reason I prefer studying in a group is that I am able to clarify ideas by bouncing them off of other members of the group. For instance, at law school we are regular asked to identify the potential actions for a case, as well as defenses that the accused might raise. Working alone, I am able to identify perhaps eighty percent or so of the claims and defenses in the assignment. When I work with a few of my classmates, however, we usually are able to clearly identify all of the salient claims and defenses, and joke around while doing it. Different minds think and interpret differently, which leads to a broader range of answers.
in summary, I prefer studying in a group setting because studying in a group incorporates a social element to studying that makes it more enjoyable, and working in a group allows me to identify more solutions than I would be able to alone. In life, one generally has to be able to work with others in an effective manner, and studying in a group is an easy way to hone this skill.
来源：哈佛21篇
谈谈论述型议论文的写作7
gRE写作如何正确表达论述观点?这些常用句式你要了解
新GRE写作表达技巧1
counterproductive adj.产生相反效果(结果)的
E.g. It is counterproductive to be too tough: it just makes the staff resentful.
E.g. Although the speaker overlooks certain circumstances in which undueskepticism might be counterproductive, and even harmful, on balance I agree thatwe should not passively accept whatever is passed off as fact; otherwise, human knowledge would never advance.
新GRE写作表达技巧2
Seminal adj.萌芽的，潜在的;开创性的;有重大影响的
E.g. in the seminal state (在萌芽状态) seminal thoughts / seminal principle(基本原则)
E.g. a seminal book/poet / This experiment was to have a seminal influence on his own political development.
新GRE写作表达技巧3
forgo v.放弃 (The choice to forgo his security is always available, although it might carry unpleasant consequence)
新GRE写作表达技巧4
intuition n.直觉 (I will trust my strong intuition that free will is an essential part of our being as humans.)
新GRE写作表达技巧5
Satisfy v.证明是正当的，公证的;为…寻找正当理由
E.g. Such action can be justified on the grounds of greater efficiency.
E.g. In the final analysis, government cannot philosophically justify assisting large cities for the purpose of either promoting or preserving the nation's cultural traditions; nor is government assistance necessary toward these ends.
新GRE写作表达技巧6
resort to … 诉诸…
E.g. no necessity to resort to violent actions such as demonstration, riot or rebel.
新GRE写作表达技巧7
hinge on … 以…为转移，靠…转动
E.g. The claim that society’s destiny hinges on how children are socialized, while appealing in some respects, is an over-statement at best.
新GRE写作表达技巧8
At best 最多，充其量;以最乐观的观点来看
新GRE写作表达技巧9
collaborate to …
E.g. For example, scientists, researchers, and even computer programmers must collaborate to establish common goals, coordinate efforts, and meet time lines.
新GRE写作表达技巧10
Lend some credence to … 提供支持
E.g. While our everyday experience might lend credence to this assertion.
E.g. Recent advances in molecular biology and genetics lend some credence to this position, by suggesting that these determining physical forces include our own inpidual genetic makeup.
新版GRE写作新题库：Argument
题目：
The president of Grove College has recommended that the college abandon its century-old tradition of all-female education and begin admitting men. Pointing to other all-female colleges that experienced an increase in applications after adopting coeducation, the president argues that coeducation would lead to a significant increase in applications and enrollment. However, the director of the alumnae association opposes the plan. Arguing that all-female education is essential to the very identity of the college, the director cites annual surveys of incoming students in which these students say that the school's all-female status was the primary reason they selected Grove. The director also points to a survey of Grove alumnae in which a majority of respondents strongly favored keeping the college all female.
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
中文翻译：
g学院院长建议Grove学院放弃其已有百年历史的女校传统，允许录取男性。鉴于其他女校在实行男女同校后，学生申请数量增加。院长认为G实行男女同校一定会在申请和入学人数上都有大幅提升。但校友会的主席却反对该提议，并认为G的女校形式已经成为深入人心。在每年一度的新生调查中显示女校的性质是她们报考G的主要原因。另外在G校友中的调查显示绝大多数的回访者强烈建议保留女校传统。
写一篇回应，在其中讨论还有哪些问题需要被回答才能决定文中的推荐是否能得到预期结果，并务请解释对这些问题的回答是如何帮助更好的评估文中的建议的。
新GRE写作官方优秀范文精选
gRE写作题目：
Although innovations such as video，computers，and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students，these technologies all too often distract from real learning.
尽管诸如电视、电脑和互联网这样的发明似乎给学校教育提供了进步的手段，但是所有这些技术往往也是在偏离真正的学习。
gRE写作范文：
nowadays there is a growing concern about the role that innovations have played in the field of learning. While most people think that innovations benefit learning process in various ways，different opinions arise that these technology advancements actually distract students from real learning. On balance，according to my personal observation，whether innovations can be beneficial or detrimental to real learning depends on the students and the teachers，not on these innovations themselves.
To begin with，technological innovations do help teaching and learning in various ways.With the aid of these technologies，the process of teaching and learning can be shorter and easier than before. For instance，if a student want certain published papers of an academic discipline，he/she may look through considerable catalogs to find the ones he/she needs. However，with the help of Internet innovation，at present most of these papers are published online. Consequently，to find certain paper the procedure is much easier and shorter， the students just type the key words and other information of the paper，and then the system will search the database，and the papers are there waiting for them. As this new approach can save a lot of time for the students，he/she could have more time reading the papers and absorbing the knowledge rather than checking and looking for the papers that could be a waste of his/her time. This example aptly illustrates how technology advancement benefited the students and their learning process.
Secondly，while innovations can help learning in various ways，it is more important that the central role of the pursuit for knowledge and wisdoms are maintained. What real matters is not the approach but the purpose of learning. In India，where modern technologies are less applied to the learning process than in the US and other developed countries，still a lot of distinguished students achieved their academic goal with their hard work and desires to knowledge. In the US，where the software engineering students are given the most advanced facilities and apparatus for their learning and research，however，it is wildly accepted that they are far less outstanding compared to the Indian students of software，who may share computers in groups. From this comparison we can see that the real and core push of learning is the desire for knowledge，not the help of innovations.
in addition，if not guided properly，the technology advancement might inhibit learning.In other words，innovation can distract the students from real learning than helping them. It is obvious that a computer can help students of science to calculate mathematical equations but can also be used for recreation such as net surfing or computer games. It is highly possible that these students can spend more time and energy on recreations rather than learning when using a computer. Thus，learning is inhibited. Under this circumstance，guidance and restrictions are needed to ensure the right use of innovations for learning，or the consequence may be on the contrary to the students and teachers‘ desire.
To conclude，technological innovations are beneficial to learning in many ways，but when using these technologies，one should not forget the real purpose of learning and remember not to be distracted for other usages of these innovations that are irrelevant or detrimental to learning. On balance，innovation here serves as a double-edges sword，and its right use is dependent on the students and the teachers.
谈谈论述型议论文的写作8
谈谈文字议论文
汉字是世界上最古老的文字之一，是记录汉语的书写符号。具有集形体、声音和意义三者于一体的特性，她作为语言的独特魅力，是永远不可能改变、也是无可替代的。
汉字是中华民族几千年的文化瑰宝，是我们终生的良师益友，也是我们每个人的精神家园，更是让我们清楚辨别真善丑恶，坚守履行伦理道德的指南。
关于汉字的魅力，曾有小文这样说；一个跟随爸妈寄居日本只有三四岁的孩子，看到一个“明”字，就懂得“是太阳公公和月亮公公在一起”，看到“雷”“雪”“霜”这几个字，就问妈妈“为什么这些字都有雨呢？”你看他小小年纪，又是生活在讲日语的环境里，却能对中国语文（汉字）有这样清楚的反应和感受，真叫人高兴。恐怕中国以外任何一个国家的孩子，是不可能从他本民族母语中的“明”字里引发出“太阳公公和月亮公公在一起”这样美妙而大胆的联想的。这就是我们中国汉字的魅力，几乎是独一无二的魅力。
三岁小儿对“明”如此有悟，堂堂须眉对“明”焉能无解？受其熏染，本人灵感即发，以迎合小儿先“明”之悟，随举几字例显摆。
这里我暂且拿出几个以口字有关的汉字先行解悟。
口是人和动物吃东西和发声的器官（亦称“嘴”）。口吃东西的事咱先不去说，单说说口这发声器官的功能，以及以口字组成的字的门道。有的人伶牙俐齿，口若悬河，有的人口呲牙硬不讲理，没理也能争三分，这类人天生就具备把黑的说成白的，死的说成活的特异专长，叫人一听咋就觉得像宰相刘罗锅里的“和大人”。也有的人沉默寡言，不善言表，默默无闻，到头来只能清瞪着两眼干吃哑巴亏。
以口字组成的字颇多，字义也多有褒贬，在此仅举六字供大家评估，我这也许算是出于给大家节省时间的借口吧。
吉；好，有利的，幸福的，与“凶”相对，基本字义。吉字为上下结构，士在上口在下。也就是说，士大夫，士民，士子（读书人）他们说的话都是明事理的话，当然是吉言利语。
福；幸福，幸运，享福，与“祸”相对，基本字义。福字为左右结构，示字在左，（广东人称礼衣边）一人种田在右。也就是说，有衣穿，有田种，有吃有穿就是幸福，亦视之享福。
和；相安，谐调，平静，基本字义。和字为左右结构，禾木在左，口字在右。老百姓历来指望田地里的庄稼养家糊口即可相安无事，民间和善，国家和谐，总称为和。
以上三个以口字组成的字义是吉利的，幸福的，和善的`。
下边三个以口字组成的字义是邪恶的，阴暗的，丑陋的。
吠；狗叫，狂叫，蜀犬吠日形容少见多怪，基本字义。吠字为左右结构；口字在左，犬字在右。恶狗狂叫能有什么好事？不是被它咬一口，就是被它吓一跳。那人要是不拉人话光说犬语，那就叫狗嘴里吐不出象牙来。
囚；被拘禁的人，囚犯，囚徒，拘禁，基本字义。囚字为内外结构，人字装在口里头。这就是说，人不大，口气却不小小，一贯的胡吹海捧，说大话使小钱，口无遮拦，惹祸遭灾，最终祸从口出沦为囚徒。
圄；古代监狱，基本字义。圄字为内外结构，吾（我）字装在口里头。这种人嘴大舌敞，造谣中伤，胡言乱语，到头来只能是蹲监狱的材料。
曲曲六字为例，足以证明汉字里头蕴藏着众多真善丑恶，道德伦理，你不信不行。孔老夫子打一开始造字，就考虑到了这一点。我们孔孟之乡的人都说汉字是他老人家造的。当然喽，具体到底是谁先造出来的字，我在前篇杂文里早已说过啦。
有字义，加我意，对不对有您裁判，不管您的裁判结果如何，反正我是这样理解地。
谈谈论述型议论文的写作9
gRE写作论述观点技巧讲解 如何让论证更全面有说服力?
片面论证应对方法：融合对立选项(平衡观点)
很多新GRE作文的题目总是会列出两个对象，接受一个抛弃另一个，这个时候可以找寻题设中两个认为对立的对象之间的联系，指出两者是共存的。
例如：
it is the artist, not the critic, who gives society something of lasting value.
1.艺术品本身实际上就有很深刻的内涵和永恒的价值，同时批评家可以让大家明白艺术品的价值在哪里。
2. 那些流传远久有永恒价值的艺术都是批评家们帮助筛选出来的。
因此，这两个对象是不矛盾的。
片面论证应对方法：关键词分离写
很多题目中会出现两个对象，从表面上看，它们似乎是一致的，但实际上他们之间存在差异。对于这样的题目，我们可以肯定一个对象，而否定另一个。
例如：
Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics.
我们可以看出，GRE考试题目中的两个对象customs (风俗)和 ethics(伦理)实际上是有很大差异的。因此，科技对他们的影响力也绝对不会是一样的。
1.肯定customs
customs是可以被科技改变的，比如很多典礼和文化还有迷信都因为科学的进步而废除了，还是有很多传统被赋予了新的含义。
2.否定 ethics
Ethics是很难被科技改变的，无论科技怎么变，道德是数千年以来人类共同承认的东西，是不会随着科技的发展而改变的，反过来是道德影响科技的发展。
片面论证应对方法：定义模糊关键词
很多新GRE写作题目的key point就在于如何定义关键词，题目给出的概念不够明晰的时候，可以有不同的理解，而不同的理解就可以有不同的方向破题。
例如：
“facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, or our inclinations.”
我们可以看出，本题中的 “facts”意义就非常模糊。因此，我们可以通过对于其不同定义来破解题目。
1.如果fact作为一种自然客观规律，这样的fact是我们无法改变的，比如所有的生物终将死亡。时间是不能倒退的，这些是我们通过亲身感受可以感知到的，无论怎么努力，这些事实是不可能改变的。
2.如果把fact理解为记录的史实，那么fact是有可能改变的。诚然发生过的事情不可以改变，但是历史本来就不可能完全真实的记录已经发生的事实。这样的情况下“fact”很多时候都是被改变的。
上文就是关于新GRE考试写作中避免片面论证的应对方法介绍，大家在平时的练习过程中就要特别注意这个问题，通过练习尽量避免这个问题的发生，切记论证要全面不能单一，只有全面完整的论述才能得到考官的认同，得到高分评价。
gRE Issue写作范文详细解析
issue
“Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music, film, advertising and television because contemporary culture has much greater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past.”
Sample Essay
To the extent that contemporary culture is, by definition, current, it does have a much more immediate impact on students and people in general than do the arts and literature of the past. Contemporaneous events directly affect everyone alive at the time because they are occurring at precisely the same time as the individual's existence. But to paraphrase a famous philosopher: “Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it.” To a great extent, past arts and literature shape who we are as people at least as much as, if not more than, contemporary culture does.
Everyone alive today is affected in one way or another by the events of the past. Past events have directly led to the way that the world is shaped today. The arts and literature are one of the most well-preserved and documented resources that can give us a direct link into what actually happened in the past. Consider the religious writings of the Bible, the Koran and those of Confucius, as well as those related to Buddhism, Hinduism and all other religions. These writings directly relate to, and in some cases to a great extent control, the behavior of human beings today even though most were written hundreds if not thousands of years ago. Artworks relating to these religions also have a profound effect. Consider Michelangelo's work in the Sistine Chapel at the Vatican, or the vast myriad of historic Buddhist statues throughout Asia, or the ancient Muslim mosques throughout the Middle East and Central Asia. It would be difficult to argue that contemporary culture has more relevance to today's students when compared with the relevance of these examples of past arts and literature.
At times it is difficult to determine what exactly is the difference between contemporary culture and the arts and literature of the past. Shakespeare's classic writings are continuously being adapted into current movies that are often big hits with students and the general population as a whole. Millions of people every year view classic works of art in museums all over the world. Readings of religious texts have never gone out of style with a large part of the world's population. Clashes between centuries-old cultures and religions, such as that of Western countries and Islamic extremists and that of Hindus and Muslims in India, demonstrate that the religious artifacts that could be called arts and literature of the past are very much a part of contemporary culture.
While the past can certainly not be ignored, a large part of what students must learn at university is based on contemporary culture. Most religious learning, at least of one's own religion, occurs either at home or early on in a student's education. At the university level, studies of politics, business and the computer sciences must deal in great detail with the latest advances in contemporary culture in order to remain up to date and relevant. Other subjects, such as mathematics, agriculture, and the arts and literature themselves look largely to the past for the core knowledge that is taught in these courses. The application of these lessons from the past are entirely appropriate to help put contemporary culture into some type of historical context that can help students to understand and comprehend the rapidly changing world that they are living in.
it would seem self-evident that a properly educated university student must find a balance between studying contemporary culture without neglecting the study of arts and literature of the past. The study of one is not mutually exclusive of the study of the other. The benefits of a well-rounded education come from not only knowing the state of the world as it exists today but also in knowing how the world arrived at this stage of development in the first place.
观点陈述型作文/[题目]
“学院和大学应该开设更多通俗音乐、电影、广告和电视方面的课程，因为当代文化要比昔日的艺术和文学对于学生具有远为密切的联系。”
[范文正文]
只要当代文化——依照其定义——具有当代性，它无疑比昔日的艺术和文学对学生乃至普通大众具有一种远为直接的影响。同时代的事件会直接影响到生活在那一时代的每一个人，因为它们的发生与这个人的生存正值同时。但这里我们可以复述一位著名哲学家的话，“那些无法从历史中汲取教训者注定会重蹈覆辙”.在相当大的程度上，昔日的艺术和文学造就了我们现如今的情状，其作用即使并不甚于当代文化，至少与当代文化相同。 生活于当今时代的每个人以一种或另一种方式深受过去事件的影响。昔日的事件直接导致了世界目前的运转方式。艺术和文学是保存和记载得最为完善的一种资源，它们能使我们与过去实际发生过的事情直接联系起来。 不妨考虑一下《圣经》，《可兰经》一类的宗教著作，孔子的著述，以及那些与佛教、印度教和所有其他宗教相关的著作。这些直接地与当今时代人们的行为相关，并在某些情形中在相当大的程度上控制着当今时代人们的行为，虽然它们大多数创作于数百年、甚至数千年之前。与这些宗教相关的艺术品同样也产生了深远的影响。我们不妨考虑一下梵蒂冈西斯廷教堂内米开朗琪罗的作品，或遍布亚洲的无数具有历史性意义的佛教像，或者散布在整个中东和中亚地区的古代穆斯林清真寺。与这些过去的艺术和文学实例的相关性相比，当代文化被说成与当今学生更密切相关，这一论点是难以成立的。
有些时候，人们难以确定当代文化与过去的艺术和文学的差异究竟何在。莎士比亚的经典之作不断地被改编成当代电影，常常能成为学生和普通大众的大热门。每年，全世界数百万人在博物馆观赏古典艺术作品。宗教文本的阅读对于世界相当大的一部分人口而言从来就不失为一种风尚。数个世纪古老的文化与宗教之间的冲突，如西方国家与伊斯兰极端主义者之间的冲突，以及印度国内印度教徒与穆斯林教徒之间的冲突，例证着那些可被称为昔日艺术和文学的宗教事物在很大程度上实乃当代文化的一部分。
虽然过去无疑不能被淡忘，但学生在大学中所学内容，很大一部分是基于当代文化的。大多数宗教学习，至少一个人自身的宗教的学习，或始于家庭，或始于学生受教育的早期。在大学这一层次上，对政治、商科以及计算机科学的学习，与当代文化中的最新进步深深相涉，以便使人与时俱进，与时代紧密相关。其它的学科，如数学、农业、艺术与文学，很大程度上是从过去的源泉获取这些课程中所传授的核心知识。这些来自过去的课程的应用完全是恰当的，有助于将当代文化置于某种历史架构之中，去帮助学生领略和理解他们所生活于其中的那个变化迅速的世界。
有一点似乎是不证自明的，即一个受过恰当教育的大学生必须在学习当代文化与不偏废昔日艺术和文学之间寻找到某种平衡。对两者的学习并非互为排斥。一种综合全面的教育，其益处不仅在于让人知道当今世界所处的状态，而且亦在于首先要让人弄清世界是何以抵达目前这一发展阶段的。
上文的内容非常详细，大家要好好利用它们，切忌生搬硬套，祝大家考出好成绩。
gRE作文范例参考
mending A Broken Heart
heartbreak happens to all of us and can wash over us like a heavy rain. When experiencing a broken heart, our ethereal selves are saturated with grief, and the overflow is channeled into the physical body. Loss becomes a physical emptiness, and longing is transmuted into a feeling that often cannot be put into words. Mending a broken heart can seem a task so monumental that we dare not attempt it for fear of damaging ourselves further. But heartbreak, like all emotions, falls under the spell of our conscious influence.
often the pain that wounds us most deeply also leaves the most enduring mark upon us. The shock that becomes the tender, throbbing ache of the heart eventually leads us down the path of enlightenment, blessing our lives with a new depth and richness.
Acknowledging heartbreak's impermanence by no means dulls its sting for it is the sting itself that stimulates healing. The pain is letting us know that we need to pay attention to our emotional selves, to sit with our feelings and be in them fully before we can begin to heal. It is said that time heals all wounds. Time may dull the pain of a broken heart, but it is fully feeling your pain and acknowledging it that will truly help you heal. Dealing with your heartache in a healthy way rather than putting it off for tomorrow is the key to repair. Gentleness more than anything else is called for. Most important, open yourself to the possibility of loving, trusting, and believing again. When, someday soon, you emerge from the cushion of your grief, you will see that the universe did not cease to be as you nursed your broken heart. You emerge on the other side of the mending, stronger for all you have experienced.
谈谈论述型议论文的写作10
在计算机技术飞速发展的过程中，以往传统的手工会计工作模式实际上已经被计算机技术完全代替。在这样的情况下，会计工作就必须要朝着更加高效的方向进行发展。尤其是在我国经济体系如今与国际化接轨的情况下，如何针对会计功能加以转变，促使会计工作能够更好的对于经济活动进行管理。下文主要针对核算型会计朝着管理型会计的转化发展进行了全面详细的探讨。
一、管理会计背景
管理会计所指的是，会计人员不单单要对财务进行管理，还要对于管理工作的.占比加以强化。所以，当前市场中的各个主体本身，都可以成为管理会计主体，也可以是企业某个部门来执行这项活动。在这期间，所涉及到的计量实际上并不精确，无需严格的遵守法律，在其运行期间所呈现出的信息能够帮助企业进行运行管理，并且做好长远的发展规划。但是财务会计本身是属于核算类型的会计工作，其中所包含的职责就是对于财务信息进行监督、反映，主要是为企业的财务信息提供详细分析。财务会计体系存在，必须要依托企业主体而存在，并且在对于会计进行分化过程中，必须要保证计算结果的精确性，任何违规现象都必须要严格按照会计法律、法规进行处理。
从本质上来说，财务会计以及管理会计两个方面实际上有着极为紧密的联系，管理会计之中有相当一部分数据都是通过财务会计的形式来予以实现的，在这期间，财务会计所供给的数据真实性将会对于管理会计的计算结果带来直接影响。特别是在当前信息时代飞速发展的情况下，网络技术已经深入到了各个行业领域中，这直接促使两种形式的会计融为一体形成为了一种必然趋势。在完成了一体化转型之后，便能够形成一种事前事后、内外相互结合的统筹化管理体系，不但能够提供财务信息，来能够针对信息进行核算、管理。
二、管理会计的主要职能
谈谈论述型议论文的写作11
1. People have different styles of studying.
人们有不同的学习风格
2. Some prefer the solitude(独处，清净) of studying alone, while(表对比) others thrive on(喜欢=prefer) the social interaction(社交) that comes from studying in a group.
一些人喜欢独自学的清净，而另一些人喜欢源自小组学习的社交。
3. Certain subjects, as well, lend themselves more easily to(更适合...) one style versus(vs对) the other.
某些学科相对于其他学科来说也更适合一种风格。
4. In many ways, the choice between individual and group study comes down to(归结为) whether one enjoys the presence of others while studying, or finds that the more people involved in the conversation the greater the distraction.
从很多方面来说，选择独自学习和小组学习归结为是否享受在学习时他人的存在,或发现更多的人参与谈话，就越分心。
5. All in all, I prefer group study for two primary reasons(表达观点句式).
总之，我更倾向于小组学习因为两个主要原因。
6. First, group study allows for a social element that makes studying fun rather than arduous(艰难的).
首先，小组学习允许社交，这使学习变得有趣而不困难。
7. If I sit alone, my mind often becomes distracted, and I easily lose focus.
如果我独自坐着,我会容易分心,而且我容易注意力不集中。
8. When I am working with a group, however, the social dynamics keeps constantly engaged in the studying process.
然而，当我和一群人一起工作，社交动力让我持续参与学习过程。
9. For example, while I was studying at Oxford, I was working with a cohort of (一群，一组)six other international students on a group project(小组项目).
比如说，当我在牛津学习时，我和六个其他国际学生一起完成一个小组项目。
10. Had I had(虚拟语气) to work on this project individually, it would have been boring, and I would not have put much effort into(对...付出努力) it.
假如我需要独自完成这个项目，会很枯燥，而且我不会在这上面付出太多努力。
11. However, given the fact that(考虑到...) each person in our cohort(=group was from a different culture and country, working together was an exploration of different worldviews(世界观) and philosophies(philosophy哲学) of study, which made it an enjoyable exercise.
但是，考虑到我们组的每一个人都来自于不同的文化和国家，一起工作是对不同世界观和学习理念的探索，这会成为一次愉快的练习。
12. I walked away from the project knowing more about my classmates’ lives, families and methods of working, as well as my own.
离开这个项目时我更加了解我同学以及自己的生活，家庭和工作方式。
13. A second reason I prefer studying in a group is that I am able to clarify(澄清，阐明) ideas by bouncing them off(bounce off大发议论)of other members of the group.
我喜欢小组学习的第二个原因是我能通过和小组其他成员观点碰撞澄清自己的想法。
14. For instance, at law school we are regular asked to identify the potential actions for a case, as well as defenses that the accused might raise.
比如说，在法学院我们会定期被要求识别出一个案例的潜在行动以及被告方有可能提出的辩护。
15. Working alone, I am able to identify perhaps eighty percent or so of the claims and defenses in the assignment.
独自学习，我能够我能够识别作业中百分之八十的诉求和辩护。
16. When I work with a few of my classmates, however, we usually are able to clearly identify all of the salient(突出的) claims and defenses, and joke around while doing it.
然而当我和几位同学一起学习时，我通常能清楚识别所有突出的诉求和辩护，而且能在完成任务的同时开玩笑。
17. Different minds think and interpret differently, which leads to a broader range of(更广泛的) answers.
不同人想法和解释不同，这带来了更多的答案。
18. In summary, I prefer studying in a group setting(背景，环境) because studying in a group incorporates(包含) a social element to studying that makes it more enjoyable, and working in a group allows me to identify more solutions than I would be able to alone.
总之，我更喜欢小组学习，因为小组学习给学习融入了社交元素，让学习更有趣，而且小组工作让我比独自学习发现更多的解决方案。
19. In life, one generally has to be able to work with others in an effective manner, and studying in a group is an easy way to hone this skill(磨练技能).
生活中，一个人通常不得不以一种有效的方式同他人合作，而且小组学习是一种提升技能的简单方式。
托福写作范文：独立学习还是小组学习好
托福写作真题题目：
Some people like to study alone while other prefer to study in a group. Which one do you think is more effective?
托福写作模板及参考答案：
托福写作范文参考:
Educators and researchers have never stopped the examination of the importance and relevance of collaborative learning that are encouraged by middle schools. When compared with studying alone, I personally believe that it is far more beneficial to students when working in groups for the following reasons.
first off, working in a group finishing group projects can be very conducive for students since they can help students to study more effectively and get exposure in real-world issues. If teachers categorize students and organize them in small study groups, chances are that they would solve complex issues together, like research the history of the city, examine the water quality of the local town, so on and so forth. Students can develop critical thinking skills as well as learn to collect and analyze information from multiple sources. A recent study conducted by the University of Minnesota backed up the claim that study teams, collaborative learning and group projects are far more effective in helping students to develop useful skills than traditional teacher-led teaching approach. In fact, when learning in groups, students have to do some research about the topic they are expected to discuss beforehand, which helps them to clear up some misunderstandings and boast their enthusiasm of academic exploration.
Additionally, as the saying goes: “many hands make light work”, actually it remains as relevant today as it did a century ago. Working in groups has much deeper implications beyond students’ academic experience, to be more specific, it helps to develop skills like cooperation, organization and leadership. When learning in a group, every single student gets a chance to contribute their knowledge to the group, they can learn to appreciate the work of other simultaneously. What’s more, they have to work closely with others for the same goal otherwise they might not be able to compete with other study groups. More importantly, students will get exposure to distinctive perspectives and at the same time learn how to accept different points of view and find common ground in this process. Such an educational experience will not only be helpful for their future study but also beneficial to them when they have to deal with coworkers, clients, and teammates in a professional setting in the future. Numerous studies have shown that students who have prior experience working with others enjoy a better chance to be successful in their future career.
in conclusion, working together in a group has far more meaningful implications than working alone since collaborative learning helps students to learn much more effectively and develop important skills that are vital for their future study and career.
谈谈论述型议论文的写作12
论述言情小说写作基础
我认为一个人的写作能力是在非短时间挖掘出来的，冰冻三尺非也一日之寒，是通过坚持不懈的锻炼才会取得成功的机会。冰心曾说的：“成功的花，人们只惊慕她现时的明艳！然而当初她的芽儿，浸透了奋斗的泪泉，洒遍了牺牲的血雨。其实也就告诉我们在羡慕别人取得的成功时，更应看到成功背后所付出的艰辛！每个人的写作功底都迥然不同，不是所有人都能把事情叙述好的，这就觉得就要多看书，勤练笔。读书破万卷下笔才有神。我们很多人在烦恼自己写作的文字功底不尽人意，构思的时候就有时让我们感觉词藻干枯，灵感枯竭，无法表达。这是在言情小说写作中最遗憾和苦恼的问题。所以我还是认为，写作贵为勤，勤能补拙，多练习着写一定是有益无害。
一、言情小说其往往比较注重小说的情节以及构思，构思很重要，怎么才能有悬念。写框架，后润色。
有时，我们看一篇短篇小说，或许刚开始平淡无奇，但猛然间峰回路转，让读者心生感慨，其结局往往是意料之外，但似乎又在情理之中。尽量不要让波澜不惊，尽量要“跌宕起伏”。你想下：如果你写得平淡如水，平铺直叙去把谁和谁的故事一字不漏地记录下来，那不是小说。读者看得索然寡味，失去阅读下去的信心，故事写出来是供读者欣赏的，不能由着自己的感受去写，要让读者产生共鸣。读过之后难以释怀，沉浸在你的文章中，有所感悟,久久回味。就是说需要写作的人有“催生波澜”的能力，还有高度的驾御语言和组织语言的能力。和重要的想象能力。想象能力就是能让故事情节更加吸引人的能力。无尽的想象会优化我们已经确立的点，让立意更耀眼，为文章增色不少。
二、在上周的学习中，关于言情小说的叙述方式的飞鸟老师已经谈过了。
谈下在言情小说叙述时候的人称代词
第一人称叙述的长处是有真实感，亲切自然，短处是“我”的限制，反映“我”以外的人物思想容易受到限制。
第二人称：作者用“你”、“你们”来叙述，是第二人称叙述。实用写作中很少用此人称，文学创作中有大都通篇为第一人称的，一般不用。
第三人称：作者站在第三者的立场，用叙述他人事情的口吻，把人物经历、事件经过告诉读者，这便是三人称的叙述
第三人称叙述的长处是不受时间、空间限制，写作较自由、灵活，能把人和事直接展现在读者眼前。短处是没有第一人称叙述那样亲切自然。而且，掌握起来比第一人称叙述较为困难。
三、有人写言情小说天马行空,这对写作来说,有利有，看个人如何的把握了，文章不能太散,这是缺点，在写之前.我们先确定一个中心,也就是说想要表达什么,然后我们围绕这个点,打开自己的思维,展开自己想象的翅膀,编织自己的语言,进行我们想象中的故事。
写言情小说的时候,我们必须注意最基本的要点：
1，人物形象,
2,故事情节,
3，环境描写,能烘托故事的氛围。有简有略地写.重点的,对整篇文章有推动作用的就多写...一般铺垫的就少写...写完后..我们可以多读几遍..删掉认为重复或者烦琐的地方。
再次说了，文章一定要有波澜。因为“文似看山不喜平”、“文贵曲”。在文学写作中，抒情是和叙述、描写同样重要，“文章不是无情物，情者文之经”。我们写作离不开抒情，抒情是一种很重要的表达技法。抒情的作用在于以情感人，即通过自己抒发的感情能激起读者感情上的共鸣。让读者为之动容，那样的文章也许是比较成功了。“繁采寡情，味之必厌”。
四、想谈谈灵感的问题。
灵感是我们来源于生活，情感，敏感反映。写作的文字没有一承不变的，在作者灵感闪耀时，随时有可能改变写作的思路。就是说在灵感一现的刹那，把所有的点滴灵感串连在一起，经过真实故事的幻化嫁接而成的。宁静的氛围可以酝酿灵感的净土。我认为只有心灵达到一定“空灵的状态”——“满足的状态”——“痛苦的状态”，才可以使文字、情节源源不断地流淌出来。而心灵的空灵状态常常在特幽静的环境，或者夜深人静，或者听特别静心音乐等。
空灵的状态。就是说，那时候的心境只有自己和文字。没有其他杂念干扰你。例如我比较喜欢的《琵琶语》等等，幽幽古曲，像那呢喃细语，轻缓柔和，就像幽灵一般，淡淡忧伤。丝丝缕缕，特别在深夜聆听，一切成空，空悲切。琵琶低吟，悲怨哀愁，很容易产生很多灵感如泉水般涌现。总觉得音乐能释放的感伤与悲情，以及对美好世界的向往。我相信，音乐的旋律是不分国界，不分种族，不分语言的，只要心灵相通。
五、情感写作是极为费尽心思、事情，所以也是最为痛苦的事情；最为痛苦的事情却也是最能满足写作动力，犹如“爱情毒瘤”与“爱情美梦”一般。有痛苦是动，动可以孕育故事。
情丝，在小说中可能成为一条珍贵的线索。一篇丰满的作品能刻画出小说中的感情的的美——一种刻骨铭心的痛，一个永恒的记忆，或者一个永恒的美。小说中的.爱情——个个美丽的爱情故事。自古以来，多少人心甘情愿中了“爱情的毒”，可多少作家笔下的甜言蜜语，悲欢离合却一直感动着那许许多多的人啊！我相信有真正的爱情存在，而且是完美的爱情存在，虽然这种几率却是微小的。因为很多人都喜欢追求完美的爱情，完美的爱情路途太遥远，现实会粉碎你美好的童话故事，被爱所伤，痛得太绝，所以我们看到了文章中有了许多多少催人泪下，柔肠寸断，绵绵不绝的动人爱情故事。最后我们言情小说在推荐的时候注意几点：
1，记住，一个抢眼的标题会让文章增色不少，吸引人的注意从标题开始！那样上榜的几率就大大增加了
2，文章语言通顺,力求优美。故事如果不十分跌宕起伏，但是将这种感情描绘得很极致、浪漫美好、忧伤.把爱情完美化、充满青春气息等几个要素。
3，通过深刻描写来刻画出文中人物的性格特点，使塑造的人物形象立体、饱满，这才是小说。
4，另一方面就是通过一个爱情故事或者事件来写出一种人的命运。注意情感写作的几个要素。
文字优美，内容曲折，结局出人意料.千万不要太过平淡,平铺直叙,即使你故事的原型是一个人的真实经历,但是小说就是小说,要经过艺术加工.经过你认真雕琢,也就好似说是每个人都会的,那不是小说,是流水帐。
最后，请注意文章的排版，力求美观，选用合适的字体和信纸，适当配上与文字匹配的图，使之更生动、唯美。好了，打扰大家周末休息的宝贵时光了。最后祝大家周末愉快,希望我们珍惜在红袖添香这个大家庭的美好时光,温暖伴随,彼此真诚帮助,携手共舞.抒写我们美丽飞扬的文字!
谈谈论述型议论文的写作13
gRE写作高分论述写法指点
1. 对特殊词汇做前提式讨论
即对题目中某个特殊的单词进行前提式讨论，作为全文展开讨论的基础。
可以用作前提论证的素材单词往往包括：
A、带有主观感情色彩的判断词，比如Just，Correct，Effective，Reasonable等等。
在讨论这些观点词时就必须确立一个标准，进而为全文的讨论确定标准，常见的比如“对社会中大部分人有利”“对社会稳定有利”“能使资源有效分配，最低投入最高产出”等等。
B、作用、意义、任务等值得讨论的名词关键词，比如Education，Government，Law，Teacher等等。
这些词其实在间接讨论A类判断词，即“B类词干什么才是A类词(教育干什么才是对的，法律干什么才是有效的……)”，由此确定判别一个事物该做什么的标准，才能在全文中讨论题目说的此事物做的东西是否正确。
前提论证的好处是从字面出发，确定主基调，可以防止全文的发展出现价值观的自我矛盾导致的中心论点混乱，从而将文章后面的各段拉到一起。换句话说，就是我们讨论什么问题时，需要先把什么别的一个小问题说清楚。前提论证法可以有效保证后文段落的逻辑有效联系。
2. 由低到高提升论述层次
前提论证属于前提层面，后面自然有更高阶的层面，之前提到的学术、社会、个人就是这种层面层次。
其实我们写ISSUE在组织分论点无外乎就两种，一种同层面展开，一种层面升华式展开。同层面展开可以有辨证法、分领域讨论，而不同层面的升华则包括了不同的哲学层次。这二者都属于ISSUE题目要求中的“perspectives”。
而大家最喜欢用的保留式同意/反对，那个保留论点通常就是站在不同的层面上来看待问题，从而得出的不同结论。
一方面，层面升华可以使你的论证涵盖不同的逻辑深度，从而保证对问题看法的全面性，另一方面，层面升华也能使文章的整体组织层层递进，做到结构严密。
具体来说，常见的层面包括：
A、字面意义。见前提论证
B、学术层面。学习知识的有效性、合理性等等。这个层面比较浅，原因在于我们还要追问学习的目的是什么?接下来可以引出社会层面和个人层面。
c、社会层面。一个论点可能本身没什么错误，但一旦承认它的正确性，就会导致种.种不堪设想的后果，比如过分强调有的法律不公正而造成犯罪分子有自己的道理，或者过分强调社会秩序的重要性造成独裁当道民不聊生。
D、个人层面。之所以把这个放到最高层面是因为社会效应最终是作用于个人的。升华到最后往往是人类幸福、身心愉悦这种目的。个人层面的评论标准有很多，比如人本主义、弗洛伊德精神分析学说、唯物论、社会道德、先验主义等等。具体的可以查阅相关资料。
层面升华的好处是可以让文章环环相扣，步步深入，最后的论证深度恰倒好处，而结构也严密可靠。
3. 结合正反两面论证
正反论证就是说先说明了一个事物的必要性，然后说明缺乏它以后的后果。表面上看这象是废话，但其实正反论证能让你说的问题更加明白有有力，而且由于逻辑转折简单，非常好把握。对于打字速度快的同学正反论证其实十分好用。
正反论证的好处很明显，正反段相互依存，互为解释，因此两段之间的逻辑完全咬合。如果全文都以这种手法组织，结构组织就会变得的非常轻松。官方范文就是个很好的例子：说明专家的必要性后先说正“反”，再说反“反”，整个文章两头照顾，内容严谨。
在具体的操作上，正反论证往往是用反去证明正缺失(或过分)的后果，借以说明论证“正”的过程的合理性。
严格来讲对于过度的所生的“反”应该另立名词，我这里为了方便就把二者放到一起说了。因为没有正确性就没有过分的可能，这一点上过度所产生的“反”与“正”的“反”是相同的。物极必反也可以说是辩证法的一个角度，当然与层面升华后产生的反面评价是不同的。
gRE写作高分范文：道德与法律
many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated.
现代社会的很多问题是法律和立法系统无法解决的，因为道德行为是无法用法律约束的。
gRE写作范文：
The proposition asserts that the laws and the legal system cannot resolve many problems problem of the modern society since moral behavior cannot be legislated. In my point of view, I fundamentally agree with the speaker, as discussed below.
first of all, I concede that the laws and the legal system are essential to the modern society and they can resolve many problems. Common sense tells us that everyone has his own position and behavior, depending on their beliefs, experiences, knowledge, professions and emotional concern.However, we cannot simply let everyone do everything that he or she wants, since this will lead to mess and may harm the stability of the society. Thus, the government has to announce the laws and build a just legal system to restrict the citizens. Only by doing this, can the society get to a balance and harmonious status? For instance, the industrial factories want to expel the polluted water into the river without making it clean. If there is not a law or a legal system to restrict the factories from expelling the polluted water, the poisoned water may get into the river, even the sea. This will be really harmful. It may firstly kill the animals living in the river, it may also further harm the human beings if they have drunk the water or eaten the polluted fish. It may bring damage to the environment as well. Considering this, we have to establish laws to prevent the factories from expelling polluted water and other detriments. From this case, we can see how important laws and legal systems are.
however, we have to admit that the laws and the legal systems cannot resolve many problems in the modern society as well, such as the usage of euthanasia, the homosexual marriage. When the Watson and Crick found the double-helix structure of the gene and the scientists further found the way to clone. It brings many social problems that the laws and legal systems cannot resolve. Should the scientists clone human beings? If yes, then what is the relationship between the two? Do the cloned people have the same right with the other human being or even whether they are human beings or not? Though the legal systems in many countries ban the scientists from cloning people, some scientists still do this secretly. All these questions cannot simply be resolved by the laws as it is related to the morality.
Additionally, the laws can not involve the moral behavior. If the laws consider the moral behaviors too much, it will lose justice. Nevertheless, only considering the laws without morals may cause mistake. For instance, in India, their law is statutes given by the government and the judge can only his judges on the bases of the existing laws. Once, a mother in India killed her son,who is a murderer and did lots of bad things. The police in India tried to catch him for years without any result. He committed so many crimes that even death cannot atone for the offence.His mother knows that her son will kill many more people if she does not kill him. Thus, when her son came back to see her one day, she killed him with the poison. In this case, to kill the mother is probably not the best choice, since this may make people think that being just is wrong. But according to the present law, the judger had to sentenced the mother to death, and this brought a widely debate thought out the country.
further, only the morality can make people to understand what is right and what is wrong, and to restrict people with morality will be a good way. Under the pressure of laws and legal systems,many people just do the bad thing secretly because they do not know that they are wrong. And many people may even think that the laws are wrong and disobey or even resist the law. They may commit crimes again after they are punished. Only when a people have known the morality and find the right measurement to distinguish right and wrong, they can find their mistakes and become a better person. A statistics involving many prisons in China find that the prisoners who learn morality and know their mistakes have a much lower rate of committing crime again.
in the final analysis, we can see that the laws and legal system cannot resolve all the problems in the society and therefore we should agree with the author.
gRE写作高分范文：丑闻
Scandals-whether in politics, academia, or other areas-can be useful.They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.
丑闻――无论是政治、学术还是其他领域――可能会是有用的。丑闻可以用演说家或者改革家无法使用的手段让我们注意到某些问题。
gRE写作范文：
Scandals occur in nearly every field that human set foot in, both revealed and incubative.Once people recognize that the person they adored yesterday is actually a liar by the exposednesses of his scandal, the first reaction may be anger, sorrow and depression.However, if rational rethinking and remediation have been taken after the reports of scandals, actually greater progresses can always be achieved compared with the efforts made by the daily boring speeches made by speakers and reformers.
Scandals can clearly show us the hidden unreasonable and unjust regulations, therefore administers or the public can adjust or even correct those errors. After the Watergate Event, not only President Nixon lost his job, but further influence was conducted by the public and medium. They realized that the problem of the abuse of power which was neglected in the past. As a result, a closer scrutiny upon the high officials of government prevents them from abusing their power any longer. Recently, the filthy relationship between Juventus Club and several references was publicized by medium, which shocked the football circle by those large holes in the institutions of football league and thus forced the Italia Football Association to take actions towards Juventus, references and the ill institutions. While Juventus has been deprived the former championship, a series of more appropriate regulations have at last been added into the football systems. There is no denying that those scandals indeed prohibit the daily operations and developments of certain fields to some extent, but these deleterious effects can be temporary, if proper measures have been done immediately. In this case, scandals may become stimulations that can provoke the awareness of the emergency of the scandals, which is necessary for establishment of an ultimate solutions to the present problems.
furthermore, compared with the accomplishments endowed by the professional speakers and reformers, the progresses made by the aftereffects of scandals are often more significant and fast. A scandal maker usually has his position in high status, which grants him power great enough to make his underground and illegal behavior so harmful and astonishing that it can be called a scandal. Before their scandals have been known to the public, they are generally admired and trusted by their superiors and inferiors, as well as the medium and public. Therefore, it is difficult or even impossible for speakers and reformers to win the battle against those scandal makers and their inequitable laws or regulations without the support of anyone. No one believes or even pays attention on whatever the speakers and reformers assert, if the scandal makers are trying to cover up those events by their power and trust they gained at the same time. Consequently those errors remain forever. Once the secrets of the scandal makers give away, however, their aura fades, legends evaporate, so does the trust and power endued. Under such circumstances that all sides feel unsatisfied and disappointed, it is much easier for reformers to draw the focus on their ameliorative allegations towards the long existed problems, and thus, the improvements can be made. Perhaps it may be strange to accept the ironic conclusion that scandals do play a more vital role in healing the morbid system of a certain realm than those reformers do sometimes, but oftentimes it is scandal that helps the reformers a lot to strike their targets, which leads to a future primary achievements for society.
Despite the forgoing contributions of scandals, they are not without its apparent problems. Hypersensitive worries may lead serious disorders or even disasters. A threshold trouble is about the excessive revealment of privacies of the officials, stars, or other persons who were doubted to have scandals. This was often done by some so-called responsible mediums in the name of observation the social problems. As a result, the bothered officials or the stars can hardly utilize their full abilities to fulfill their tasks or jobs. Just to meet the curiosity of the public so that they can bolster their sales and profits, these mediums' detective behaviors will inevitably bring about disorders to those who in charge in some areas. Secondly, overstatements of the grave effects of scandals may shadow the contributions of the scandal makers unfairly. Although Clinton was accused by his rose event, his dedication towards the resuscitation and prosperity of America's economy during his term of office cannot be denied. If his fault was overemphasized present, he may have to resign immediately, and his economic ability can no longer serve the society,which is an obvious loss of the society.
To be just, I acknowledge that most people hate to witness scandals happening around them. What is more, recessions and the private violations always come along with scandals.Nevertheless, seeing from another angle, if the scandals are in fact ineluctable, it may be wiser to bravely face with the extant problems. We should find them out and then correct them rather than simply denying their existence.
gRE写作